At a distance of 140 Kms from Bangalore, 50 Kms from Hassan
& 83 Kms from Mysore, Shravanabelagola is one of the most popular Jain
pilgrimage center in South India. This place is named after the pond in middle
of the town (Bela-Kola means White Pond). This is one of the popular one day
trip from Bangalore and a major heritage / historical site in Karnataka.
Shravanabelagola is famous for the Bahubali Statue which is
supposed to be the tallest monolithic stone statue in the world with a height
of 58 feet carved out of a single block of granite. The Gomateswara temple is
built on top of a hill at an altitude of 3347 feet, called as Vindhyagiri hill
(also known as Doddabetta or Indragiri). About 620 steps provide access to this
temple from bottom of the hill. The nude statue of Bahubali is carved carefully
with much perfection.
Lord Gomateshwara (Lord Bahubali) was son of the first Jain
tirthankara named Lord Adinatha. Lord Adinatha had 99 other sons and when he
renounced his kingdom, there was a big fight between the two brothers, Bahubali
and Bharatha, over the kingdom. Bharatha lost this battle, but Bahubali did not
feel any happiness on seeing his brother's defeat. He then gave the kingdom to
his brother and then attained Kevalagnana.
The statue was carved during the period of Chamundaraya, a
minister of the Ganga King Rajamalla between 982 and 983 CE. The town of
Shravanabelagola is famous with several Jain temples and historical sites.
Shravanabelagola is famous for two hills called Vindhyagiri
and Chandragiri where most of the monuments are located. These two hills are
spread on both sides of Temple Pond. There are several historical basadis
within the town as well. The main temple of Gomateswara is located on
Vindhyagiri hill along with Odegal Basadi, Tyagada Kamba, Siddhara Basadi,
Chennanna Basadi, Akhanda Bagilu, etc. Chandragiri is home for about 14 shrines
among which Chamundaraya Basadi, Chandragupta Basadi, Chandraprabha Basadi,
Kattale Basadi and Parshwanatha Basadi are important.
It usually takes one full day to visit all the historical
monuments in Shravanabelagola. For those who can't trek the hill, Dolis are
available at the entrance of the temple that charge about Rs. 800 including
return. Once in 12 years, Shravanabelagola celebrates the Mahamastakabhisheka
festival which attracts thousands of devotees and tourists from all over India.
The next Mahamastakabhisheka will be held in Feb 2018.
The great emperor of Mouryan Dynasty Chandragupta Mourya has
spent his last days in Shravanabelagola after becoming a follower of Jainism.
His grandson Emperor Ashoka has built a basadi for him on Chadragiri hill in
3rd Century BC. There are more than 800 well preserved inscriptions dated
between 6th and 19th century in Shravanabelagola. Northwest of Bangalore, the
Capital of Karnataka. The town is a prominent center for Jaina Art,
Architecture, religion and culture for over 2,300 years. It is a town of ponds
and temples. The name of this holy center is derived from the pond called
‘bili-gola’ (white pond) between two hills. The largest number of Digamber jam
Basadis in India is found at Shravanabelagola. This apart, largest number of
rock inscriptions, concentrated at a single center is found here. The temple on
the Chikkabetta – Chandragiri, is known as Chandragupta Basadi dedicated to
Emperor Chandragupta Maurya. This was originally built by Emperor Ashoka in the
3 Century B.C..
The 57 ft. (17.5 mtr.) tall magnificient monolithic statue
of Gommateshwara Bhagawan Bahubali was consecrated by Chavundaraya, the Prime
Minister and Commander-in-Chief in the Talakad Ganga Kingdom in 981 A.D.
Shravanabelagola is a historical temple town and pilgrimage
centre in Karnataka, located in South India. This small town boasts of the
largest number of Digambara temples as well as the largest number of
inscriptions in the country.The cynosure of the centuries, Gommateshwara towers
in his 57 feet solitary serene splendour, over the surrounding countryside.
This freestanding monolithic statue, which crowns the 438 feet high present-
day Indragiri or Vindhyagiri, hewn out of granite is the largest of its kind in
the world. Majority scholastic opinion dates its consecration by Chavundaraya,
a general of the Ganga dynasty, to 981 A.D. He was inspired by his mother
Kalala Devi. The statue was executed in 12 years by Mahashilpi Arishtanemi.
Earlier Indragiri, with 647 steps, was called ‘Per-Kalbappu’ (Large-Kalbappu)
or Dodda Betta. There are 7 types of monuments – eight small and large temples,
four mantaps, two ponds, five gateways or fortresses, three pillars, two arches
and 172 inscriptions. These, in Kannada, Sanskrti, Marvadi Mahajani, Tamil and
Marathi, date from the late 10th to 19th cent A.D.
Bahubali was the son of Adinatha, the first in the line of
the 24 Jam threerthankaras. Rishaba Adinatha, on embarking on his spiritual
quest, bequeathed his capital city of Ayodhya to his eldest son Bharata.
Paudanapura went to Bahubali, the younger son. Bharata ventured on an ambitious
course of annexation, in his desire to don the mantle of the paramount emperor
of his age.
Bahubali refused to accept his elder brother’s suzerainty.
Wiser counsel of elder ministers averted a battle between the kingdoms, which
would have let to colossal loss of lives. Instead, Bharata and Bahubali were to
engage in a duel. This probably was the first instance in human history of
voluntary disarmament, avoiding unnecessary bloodshed. In all three different
types of fight (drishti yuddha, malla yuddb) hubali was the victor. As a last
resort Bharata unleashed his lethal weapon – the chakra. To the amazement of
the entire assemblage, the chakra circled Bahubali and settled at his right
side.
In this moment of supreme victory, Bahubali was struck by
the frailty of fortune and the hollowness of desires, which even led to
fraternal conflicts over mere worldly possessions. In an act of unsurpassed
renunciation he abandoned everything but his soul. Observing the severest of
austerities, he stood in meditation in Kayotsarga pose for one full year,
forsaking food and water. Such was his penance that anthills grew at his feet
and as sculpted in the statue, tendrils – madhava latha – twirled around his
arms. Thus he attained the state of Kevali Arihantha – perfect and complete
knowledge about the universe, without undergoing any preparatory stages in
previous lives, which is mandatory for attaining such transcendent realisation.
The acme of manly perfection in physique, had now sublimated into godhood.
‘Gommata’ in Kannada, which means ‘huge’ thus gave birth to Gommateshwara
Bhagawan or Sri Bahubali Swami.
Opposite Indragiri is the Chikka Betta (small hill) or
Kalbappu, now called Chandragiri, the abode to the historic Bhadrabahu Basadi
and Chandragupta Basadi. This 200 feet high hill with 192 steps also treasures
the imprint of Bhadrabahu’s feet, the revered jam monk, who was the teacher and
spiritual guid of the Mauryan Emperor Chandragupta. There was 18 temples dating
from 9th cent. A.D. to as recent as the bearing Dravidian architectural
features. A historic inscription dated circa 600 the earliest in the country to
refer to the migration of Jams to the south, the famine in Ujjain, to the role
of Bhadrabahu in safeguarding the Sangha. Wri Sanskrit, another of the
earliest, refers to Chandragupta. It also has the records of 92 deaths by
Samadhi of Jam monks..
‘Bili-gola’ (white pond) nestling between the two hills, became
Belgola, and consistently used between 650 A.D. and 1889 A.D. Shramana or
Shravana after Digambar (naked) monks used this place, was added to form
Shravanabelagola. Apart froe there are two ponds on Vindhyagiri, three on
Chandragiri, there are ponds or tanks near almost every monument. There is no record of construction of ponds
before time of Gangaraja (early 12th cent.). There are 7 temples in the town
and — more in Jinanathapura and surrounding areas. The foundation of
Jmnanathapura a northern foot of Chandragiri was undertaken by Gangaraja in
1117. The Santivara Basadi located here, is the most ornate of the Hoysala
Basadis in Karnataka..
Story behind the Shravanabelagola.
Rishaba – Admatha, father of Bahubali, before embarking on
his spiritual quest, appointed his son Bharata as the ruler of Ayodhya and
Bahubali as the ruler of Paudanapura. Bharata wanted to become the chakravarthi
– emperor. But Bahubali did not prefer to surrender before Bharata, as he did
not recognize Bharata as Chakravarthi. As such, a war was imminent. The elder
statesmen of both sides did not want the war and bloodshed. Hence disarmament
was proclaimed. An alternative way of war was evolved and suggested to both the
brothers who readily agreed. Accordingly, the two royal brothers went for a
dual battle involving three forms dristi yuddha – a contest of staring at each
other without closing the eyelids ,jala yuddha – splashing water on each other
till one turns his face away and malla yuddha – a wrestling bout. Bahubali overpowered
Bharata by winning in all the above forms of battle. Bharata was disappointed
and was ffiming with anger. Finally Bharata orders his chakra – a divine wheel
– a super weapon to attack Bahubali. The chakra, however circled around
Bahubali thrice and stood suspended. It could not do any harm to him!This was
the moment of total disillusionment with the futility of material world.
Bahubali was disgusted and realized that anger, greed and
pride could lead to such fraternal conflicts. At that stage, without even a
moment hesitation renounced his kingdom and all other worldly pleasures and
decided to take sanyasa and undertake penance. Bahubali left for meditation and
purification of his soul.
Bahubali stood in Kayotsarga (standing) posture in total
meditatioti continuously for one year, without food and water. Ant – hills grew
by the side of hislegs and serpents made these ant hills as their abode and
were moving around Creepers grew up entwining his legs and arms up to his
shoulders He attained Kevaljnan – a perfect and complete knowledge about the
Universe. Thus, he was called as Bahubali – Kevali. Gommateshwara is another
name popularly in use. The joy and bliss he attained is manifested in the
benign smile on the face of the colossal image consecrated by Chavundaraya.
